Dental Implants - Bone quantity

Bone quantity, more bone-building measures (bone) and bone grafts

If not enough bone is available, for example, after years of wearing time of a removable dental prosthesis , possibly normal-sized implant can not be used. Then either a smaller implant can be selected (for example, a shorter cylinder implant, a thin blade implant or a mini-implant or bone needed must be established by surgical measures appropriate). This can be either synthetic bone substitute material (such as tricalcium phosphate, TCP), the bone is similar to much happened, or by creating a closed cavity into which bone can grow then (regenerates), similar to an empty tooth socket after a tooth extraction (tooth extraction). In principle, bone tissue grows as well as to soft tissue. He needs because of its lower metabolic rate , however, much longer for it. (The complete bone regeneration in humans is about 10 years, while for example the regeneration of liver cells takes only about 6 months and the intestinal lining ( epithelium ) is already complete after 3 days)
Foreign material, and that includes the body's own bone from other areas of the skeleton, for example, from the hip, behaves basically like synthetic material. It can therefore only as a placeholder act also because it first from the body (over a period of about one year) mined will also have before for this place in the jaw of the appropriate bone formed can body genetically. [5] Why even autologous bone and not converted is mined, is obvious: any type of tissue in animals and humans need for growth of cells messenger proteins, the growth and division of cells in the neighborhood cause. Mere supply of nutrients, as in bacteria ( prokaryotes ) results in humans and animals ( eukaryotes ) not to cell growth and cell proliferation. Therefore, it makes no sense if the idea of acceleration of growth after implantation of calcium tablets are given below. This calcium is considered surplus by the kidneys rapidly excreted.

Foreign materials and even autologous bone grafts also come from a body region in which the system of messenger proteins other recipient sites ( receptors ) to the neighboring cells (see signaling ). The graft sends so long as it lives, from messenger proteins, for which the neighborhood of the target region (where the jaw bone), no receptor has, and vice versa: the neighboring cells send out messengers proteins that graft no recipients found in [6] The graft is from the Receptor messenger system is coupled. Until his death and the absorption passes but a relatively long time, so it is up to his disappearance (1-2 years) can serve as a placeholder at first. Unlike in totally unrelated transplants (kidney, heart, liver) from other people or animals but it is not known where the strong immunological response.

To this extent does the use of foreign material is always a delay of regrowth own bone. Thus, if at all possible, should the first disturbing material not be used. Only if enough time (about 1 year and more), can also be synthetic bone substitute material can be used as a placeholder.

A routinely used method for thickening of the bone layer in the posterior region of the maxilla is the sinus lift . This refers to a surgical method in which the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus floor replaced and the resulting cavity with bone substitute material or naturally (conversion of the blood clot in native (mature) bone) is filled. Here, then, the implant can be used simultaneously or at a later date if the length required for the implant layer thickness is grown on bone. The shorter this case, the implant may be, the goal is reached faster. Therefore suitable for the sinus lift often short, but for horizontally oriented blade implants with low penetration. they are also the same, but stress-free (by removing the support posts) to the sinus lift in the jaw bone or the remaining bone layer in position to be related to, Titanium surface serves their micro porous roughened as the first major adhesive surface of bone cells so that new bone formation in this way also on the implant surface can proceed.